Oven Temperature Conversion - Fahrenheit, Celsius & Gas Mark
Convert oven temperatures between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Gas Mark instantly. Perfect for following international recipes with accurate temperature conversions for baking and roasting.
Interactive Temperature Converter
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Quick Answer
350°F = 177°C = Gas Mark 4 (Most common baking temperature)
400°F = 204°C = Gas Mark 6 (Roasting vegetables, pizza)
425°F = 218°C = Gas Mark 7 (High-heat roasting)
Quick formula: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9 | °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Chef Steven Harty
Professional Chef
30+ years experience
30+ years professional experience, trained under Rick Bayless. Specializes in precision cooking.
Education
Culinary Training under Chef Rick Bayless
Complete Conversion Chart
| Fahrenheit (°F) | Celsius (°C) | Gas Mark | Heat Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 225°F | 107°C | 1/4 | Very Cool |
| 250°F | 121°C | 1/2 | Very Cool |
| 275°F | 135°C | 1 | Cool |
| 300°F | 149°C | 2 | Cool |
| 325°F | 163°C | 3 | Moderate/Warm |
| 350°F | 177°C | 4 | Moderate |
| 375°F | 191°C | 5 | Moderately Hot |
| 400°F | 204°C | 6 | Hot |
| 425°F | 218°C | 7 | Hot |
| 450°F | 232°C | 8 | Very Hot |
| 475°F | 246°C | 9 | Very Hot |
| 500°F | 260°C | 10 | Extremely Hot |
Common Baking Temperatures by Recipe Type
Cakes & Cupcakes
- Layer Cakes:350°F / 177°C
- Cupcakes:350°F / 177°C
- Bundt Cakes:325°F / 163°C
- Pound Cake:325°F / 163°C
- Angel Food Cake:325°F / 163°C
Cookies & Brownies
- Chocolate Chip Cookies:350°F / 177°C
- Sugar Cookies:350°F / 177°C
- Brownies:350°F / 177°C
- Biscotti:325°F / 163°C
- Shortbread:300°F / 149°C
Breads & Pastries
- Bread Loaves:375°F / 191°C
- Dinner Rolls:375°F / 191°C
- Croissants:400°F / 204°C
- Puff Pastry:400°F / 204°C
- Biscuits:425°F / 218°C
Pies & Tarts
- Fruit Pies (two-crust):425°F / 218°C
- Custard Pies:350°F / 177°C
- Pumpkin Pie:425°F then 350°F
- Tarts:375°F / 191°C
- Blind Bake Crust:375°F / 191°C
Roasting Temperature Guide
| Food Item | Temperature (°F) | Temperature (°C) | Cooking Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole Chicken | 375°F | 191°C | 20 min/lb |
| Chicken Pieces | 425°F | 218°C | 35-45 min |
| Turkey | 325°F | 163°C | 15 min/lb |
| Beef Roast (medium) | 350°F | 177°C | 20-25 min/lb |
| Pork Roast | 350°F | 177°C | 25-30 min/lb |
| Lamb Roast | 325°F | 163°C | 20-25 min/lb |
| Vegetables (root) | 400°F | 204°C | 30-45 min |
| Brussels Sprouts | 425°F | 218°C | 20-25 min |
| Salmon | 400°F | 204°C | 12-15 min |
| Pizza | 475°F | 246°C | 10-12 min |
Temperature Adjustment Tips
Converting International Recipes
- •US to European: Most European ovens use Celsius. Always convert Fahrenheit to Celsius and round to nearest 5°C for oven dials.
- •UK Gas Marks: Older UK recipes use Gas Marks (1-10). Gas Mark 4 is the most common, equivalent to 350°F/177°C.
- •Precision matters: Baking chemistry requires accuracy within ±25°F. Always use an oven thermometer to verify your oven's true temperature.
- •Rounding rules: Round Celsius conversions to the nearest 5°C for standard oven settings (e.g., 177°C → 175°C or 180°C).
Convection Oven Adjustments
- •Lower by 25°F: Convection ovens cook faster. Reduce conventional recipe temps by 25°F (e.g., 350°F → 325°F).
- •Reduce time by 25%: Alternatively, keep same temp but check doneness 25% earlier than conventional time.
- •Better for roasting: Convection excels at roasting meats and vegetables due to even browning and crisping.
- •Watch delicate items: Cakes and soufflés can deflate from strong fan circulation—use conventional mode for these.
Temperature Variations by Oven Type
Conventional Electric/Gas Oven
Standard ovens heat from bottom elements. Temperature accuracy varies by ±15-25°F.Tip: Use an oven thermometer and allow 10-15 minutes for full preheating.
Convection Oven
Fan-assisted circulation provides even heat. Cooks 25-30% faster than conventional.Tip: Reduce recipe temperature by 25°F or cooking time by 25%.
Toaster Oven / Countertop Oven
Smaller cavity heats quickly but can have hot spots. Often runs 25°F hotter than dial setting.Tip: Reduce temperature by 25°F and rotate pans halfway through for even cooking.
Wood-Fired/Pizza Oven
Reaches 700-900°F for authentic Neapolitan pizza. Cooks pizza in 60-90 seconds.Tip: Home pizza ovens max out around 500°F—increase cook time to 8-10 minutes.
Air Fryer
Compact convection oven with powerful fan. Cooks 20-25% faster than conventional oven.Tip: Reduce oven recipe temperature by 25°F and time by 20%. Check doneness early.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is 350 degrees Fahrenheit in Celsius?
350°F = 177°C (rounded to 180°C for most ovens). This is the most common baking temperature in recipes. To convert: (350 - 32) × 5/9 = 176.67°C. Most European recipes round this to 180°C, which is perfectly acceptable for baking.
What is Gas Mark 4 in Fahrenheit and Celsius?
Gas Mark 4 = 350°F = 177°C. This is the standard moderate oven temperature used in most UK recipes. Gas Mark 4 is the most frequently called for setting in British baking and roasting recipes.
How do I convert Celsius to Fahrenheit for baking?
Use the formula: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32. For example, 180°C × 9/5 = 324, then 324 + 32 = 356°F (round to 350°F). Quick mental math: Double the Celsius temp, subtract 10%, then add 32 (e.g., 180°C: 180 × 2 = 360, minus 10% = 324, plus 32 = 356°F).
Why do convection ovens require lower temperatures?
Convection ovens have a fan that circulates hot air, creating more efficient heat transfer. This means food cooks faster and more evenly. Reduce conventional oven temperatures by 25°F (about 15°C) when using convection, or keep the same temp but reduce cooking time by 25%. The moving air removes the cool boundary layer around food, speeding up cooking.
Are oven temperatures exact or should I round?
Most home ovens fluctuate by ±15-25°F around the set temperature, so rounding to the nearest 5°F or 5°C is perfectly fine. For example, 177°C can be set to either 175°C or 180°C without affecting results. However, for precise baking (macarons, soufflés), use an oven thermometer and aim for exact temperatures.
What temperature is "moderate" oven in different systems?
A moderate oven is 350°F / 177°C / Gas Mark 4. This is the default temperature for most cakes, cookies, and casseroles. "Moderately hot" is 375°F/191°C/Gas Mark 5, while "cool" is 300°F/149°C/Gas Mark 2.
How accurate are home ovens at maintaining temperature?
Most home ovens fluctuate by ±15-50°F from the set temperature, with older ovens being less accurate. Ovens cycle on and off to maintain temperature, causing natural fluctuations. Invest in an oven thermometer ($10-15) to know your oven's true temperature. Many ovens run 25°F hotter or cooler than the dial setting—adjust accordingly.
What's the highest temperature for a home oven?
Most home ovens max out at 500-550°F (260-288°C), though some high-end models reach 600°F. The "self-clean" cycle can reach 900°F, but this is not for cooking. For pizza making, dedicated pizza ovens can reach 700-900°F, while home ovens at max temp (500°F) require longer cooking times (8-10 minutes vs. 90 seconds in a professional pizza oven).
Can I bake at a higher temperature for less time?
Generally, no—this doesn't work for most baked goods. Baking is a chemical process that requires specific time and temperature combinations. Higher heat creates a hard exterior before the inside cooks (raw center, burnt outside). For roasting vegetables or meats, you have more flexibility. For delicate baked goods (cakes, cookies, breads), stick to recipe temperatures.
Why do some recipes start at high heat then reduce?
This technique (e.g., 425°F for 15 min, then 350°F) creates a crispy exterior while allowing the interior to cook through gently. Common for: pies (sets crust quickly), bread (creates oven spring and crust), and roasted meats (sears outside, then cooks center). The high initial heat also compensates for temperature drop when you open the oven door.
Chef Steven Harty
Professional Chef | 30+ Years Experience
Chef Harty brings over 30 years of professional culinary experience, having trained under renowned chef Rick Bayless. He specializes in precision cooking and measurement accuracy, ensuring all our cooking conversions and ingredient calculations are tested and verified in real kitchen conditions.
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